We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Ishmael even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Ishmael in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Albert Einstein once said, “A human being is part of the whole, called by us universe, a part limited in time and space”. Have you ever wondered how we came to be on this earth? The first thing that comes to our mind is the idea that God created us. The Alternative is we have evolved into what we are today. In Daniel Quinn’s novel Ishmael, the narrator and Ishmael explore these issues in great deal. Ishmael is trying to teach the narrator how to save the world from a war, a war caused by our own life styles. Humans are attacking on the community of life because they make the assessment that they are central to the universal and their self-centered life style has a priority over everything else. My paper will analyze the war and the reasons Takers are waging war on the community of life. The sub-topics of my paper are the destruction of the laws of community, Leavers point of view and self-awareness.
Firstly, Takers are destroying this world because they believe that the laws of the community of life do not apply to them. Takers do not care about what their actions are doing to this world. The destruction of the ozone layer with our pollution, the killings of animals unnecessarily just because they are pests are some examples of the war that the Takers are waging against the community of life. For instance, in Ishmael the examples of a jellyfish, Takers believe “that the world was not made for jellyfish,” it was only made for man; this shows that humans are selfish and ignorant (6). Daniel Quinn explains through Ishmael that Takers label what they do not understand for example other species as inferior, dumb or to be avoided, without attempting to understand a different way of being. For example, we are populating every nation to the point where we are going to run out of room to put everybody. Daniel Quinn describes through Ishmael that the war the Takers have started does not disturb them because they believe this huge problem would take care of itself. Takers “got to be this way because they’ve always believed that what they were doing was right-- and therefore to be done at any cost whatever”(167). We see here that the reason Takers believe in this solution is that they were told a story and it is their obligation to culture to pass this story even if it is destroying the world.
Secondly, Daniel Quinn explains that this war allows human to break away from the environmental laws governing life an Earth. “Then, with invention of agriculture, we could order and control nature” a Takers way of thinking (Ishmael 6). Takers could master and conquer the environment (68). The reason Takers believe this way is that the Taker culture has little interest in diversity, despite the clear role that diversity plays in the natural systems. In contrast, Daniel Quinn explains that the Leavers believe that man belong to the world and not the other way around. To illustrate the Leavers theory we could take the example of “a single-called creature that swam in the ancient ocean belonged to the world and because they did everything that followed came into being” (). The reason that Leavers are not the cause of this war is that they do not try to take whatever they can from the world but they leave space and food to other living creatures so all living things have a chance to grow and advance. Ishmael explains Law of Limited Competition “humans may compete, but they should not wage war”; “ humans may not hunt down their competitors to make them dead”; “humans may not destroys their competitors food”; and “humans may not deny their competitors access to food” (17-10).
Finally Daniel Quinn tells us through Ishmael that “the garden (Earth) filled with creatures that are self aware”, the first self-aware being to learn that creatures like humans have a choice, to save this garden (Earth) from this devastating war. The way humans choose to live has a significant importance on the community life on earth. The Takers story does not account for the ancient times of our origins and falsely represents human beings from the rest of the Earth’s living community. Takers should understand that “man does have a place in the world, but it’s not his place to rule” (4).Ishmael says that we “ need to vision of the world and ourselves”, in other words we should be self aware of our acts.
In conclusion, the war Takers are waging on the community of life is going to destroy our planet. In order to save this world from ending in disaster Taker culture must abandon their old culture and develops a new culture less centered on them. This is precisely the point of Daniel Quinn’s Ishmael, which effectively characterize the origins of civilization as nothing but of disasters for both the planet and other species. The call to action is clear. But do we still have time to change? Or is it too late to change? Where should we start?
Bibliography
Quinn, Daniel. Ishmael. New York Bantam / Turner Books 1.
Kevin, Harris. Collected Quotes from Albert Einstein.
( http//rescomp.stanford.edu/~cheshire/EinsteinQuotes.html ). 15
Mind that the sample papers like Ishmael presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Saturday, February 23, 2013
Thursday, February 21, 2013
Inclusive Education
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Inclusive Education even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Inclusive Education in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Knightshead 1
Inclusive Education
The Right of All Children
I. INTRODUCTION
For many years children with special needs were isolated from their peers at school. They were placed in separate classrooms away from other students, but inclusion has changed this. Inclusion involves a commitment to educate children with special needs, including those with disabilities by bringing the support services to the children in a regular classroom setting rather than moving the child to the services (Schultz). The regular education teacher may receive assistance from individuals such as the special education teacher, speech therapist, and physical therapist if needed, in order to provide needed services within the regular classroom. These students have Individualized Education Plans (IEP) with objectives that are developed around their needs and must continue to be met in the regular class (Tomko). Some important questions concerning inclusion are as follows 1) What are some concerns regarding inclusion?; )What are the two most common forms of inclusion?; )What are some positive and negatives aspects of inclusion?; 4)What strategies can be used in the classroom to make inclusion effective and successful?
II. BODY
Inclusion has been implemented in many school systems throughout the United States. These school systems have adopted the idea that all children should and can learn in a regular classroom (Cromwell). Initially and still today, there are many concerns regarding inclusion on the part of parents and teachers. Parents of children with special needs fear a loss of advocacy because the primary responsibility for the education of their children is being shifted to the regular education teacher (Deloney and Tompkins). Before inclusion, the special education
Knightshead
teacher had the primary responsibility of educating and providing the appropriate resources and services to their students because they were familiar with each child’s situation, unlike the regular education teacher. Additionally, parents are concerned about whether their children will
be able to keep up in a regular classroom, so they prefer the child to stay separated. In addition to parental concerns, many teachers also have concerns about inclusion.
One area of concern for teachers is the fact that many feel they have not been adequately trained for inclusion, especially when handicapped children are placed in their classrooms. These students may require the use of special types of equipment and classroom modifications. Teachers may also have students with medical problems in the class, and some teachers are concerned because they lack medical training to handle emergencies if needed. Special education teachers are concerned about the number of students with special needs being assigned to them (Trump 1). Special education teachers are being assigned more students than they can handle and are having problems getting around to all of them (Trump 1).
In many schools today children with special needs are being integrated into regular classrooms by two common forms of inclusion full inclusion or mainstreaming. Full inclusion is the placement of children with special needs into a regular classroom setting full-time or all day (Shultz). Any services the child receives are brought to them in the regular classroom (Shultz). According to Adria Robertson, a sixth-grade teacher at Elysian Fields Middle School,
“Many children cannot handle full inclusion. After a while they begin to get very restless, and
you can tell they have had enough of schoolwork, especially those kids with behavior problems
or attention deficit disorder.” These students have short attention spans and being confined in a
regular classroom for all day is too much for them, and as a result they may begin acting up and disrupting the class. In addition, full inclusion may not be appropriate for students with severe
physical and medical conditions because they may need to rest at times during the day.
Knightshead
Mainstreaming is the most common form of inclusion being implemented in schools. Mainstreaming refers to the placement of children in one or more regular classrooms for part of the day (Shultz). The students have to earn the opportunity to be placed in a regular class by showing they can keep up with the work assigned by the regular education teacher (Shultz). According to Adria Robertson, mainstreaming works because students have to earn the
opportunity for placement into a regular class, and mainstreaming gives them the incentive to work hard in order to remain in the class where they want to be. Even though inclusion has been successful in many cases, some teachers and parents remain skeptical.
Inclusion or mainstreaming has some positive aspects. According to Catherine Voelker Morsink, regular education students are given the opportunity to be in close contact with those students that have special needs or physical disabilities, and this helps them get past their fears and misconceptions about disabled people (18). Regular education students also can learn about the problems their peers with special needs have, and knowledge about the problems of their peers can help regular education students be more patient and understanding with them. The child with special needs also benefits from inclusion. Inclusion helps to build up self-esteem and
give students with special needs a sense of belonging (Deloney and Tomkins). It also takes away the stigma of labeling (Deloney and Tomkins). While there are many positive aspects, there are
some negative aspects of inclusion. Inclusion is not appropriate for all students. Some students cannot handle being part of a large class. They may feel more comfortable in a smaller class and need more one-on-one attention from the teacher. Adequate resources may not always be available in the regular classroom for those students with special needs. According to Morsink, if students with special needs, including those with physical disabilities, are not given appropriate materials and assistance, they are still segregated from their peers even though they are in the
Knightshead 4
regular classroom with them (1). Another negative aspect of inclusion is insufficient planning time. Both special and regular education teachers complain about not having enough planning
time (Trump 1). They feel they would need more time to plan alone and with co-teachers in order to make the needed modifications for those children with special needs (Trump 14). An increase in planning time is needed for each special education student that is added to the classroom (Trump 14).
In order to help teaching students with special needs in the regular classroom to be done effectively and successfully, different strategies such as peer tutoring, collaborative planning, and classroom management can be used within the classroom. Peer tutoring involves students being placed in small groups and teaching one another under the supervision of the teacher (D’Zamko and Hedges ).In a group setting students with special needs can be help by regular education students without experiencing embarrassment and both the tutor and tutee benefit (D’Zamko and Hedges ). According to Robertson, “Peer tutoring really works because it
makes students feel good when they can help one another, and it gives them a sense of responsibility.”
A second strategy is collaborative planning. Both teachers need to work together to plan instructional modifications in order to meet the needs of all students in the classroom (Trump 1). A third strategy is classroom management which is essential for an inclusive classroom setting and can prevent discipline problems in the classroom (Morsink 15). According to Morsink, classroom rules should be clearly posted in order to remind students of behavioral expectations and consequences (16). Teachers need to be consistent with discipline, and the consequences should be the same for everyone, including those students with disabilities. For classrooms that include those students that do not read or speak more than one language, the rules should be illustrated with pictures (Morsink 16).
Knightshead 5
III. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, all children deserve the right to an equal education, and inclusive education gives students with special needs that opportunity. Inclusive education provides students with special needs contact with their peers, and teaches children how to work together and relate to others with different abilities (Tomko). The regular classroom may not be appropriate for all students with special needs, but for those that can placement in the regular
classroom can be very beneficial. Proper planning ahead, preparation, and supports for the child are essential for inclusion to work properly (Tomko). I feel that with inclusion there are still problems that need to be addressed, but with the cooperation of everyone involved inclusion can be successful and effective. (1,88).
Mind that the sample papers like Inclusive Education presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Knightshead 1
Inclusive Education
The Right of All Children
I. INTRODUCTION
For many years children with special needs were isolated from their peers at school. They were placed in separate classrooms away from other students, but inclusion has changed this. Inclusion involves a commitment to educate children with special needs, including those with disabilities by bringing the support services to the children in a regular classroom setting rather than moving the child to the services (Schultz). The regular education teacher may receive assistance from individuals such as the special education teacher, speech therapist, and physical therapist if needed, in order to provide needed services within the regular classroom. These students have Individualized Education Plans (IEP) with objectives that are developed around their needs and must continue to be met in the regular class (Tomko). Some important questions concerning inclusion are as follows 1) What are some concerns regarding inclusion?; )What are the two most common forms of inclusion?; )What are some positive and negatives aspects of inclusion?; 4)What strategies can be used in the classroom to make inclusion effective and successful?
II. BODY
Inclusion has been implemented in many school systems throughout the United States. These school systems have adopted the idea that all children should and can learn in a regular classroom (Cromwell). Initially and still today, there are many concerns regarding inclusion on the part of parents and teachers. Parents of children with special needs fear a loss of advocacy because the primary responsibility for the education of their children is being shifted to the regular education teacher (Deloney and Tompkins). Before inclusion, the special education
Knightshead
teacher had the primary responsibility of educating and providing the appropriate resources and services to their students because they were familiar with each child’s situation, unlike the regular education teacher. Additionally, parents are concerned about whether their children will
be able to keep up in a regular classroom, so they prefer the child to stay separated. In addition to parental concerns, many teachers also have concerns about inclusion.
One area of concern for teachers is the fact that many feel they have not been adequately trained for inclusion, especially when handicapped children are placed in their classrooms. These students may require the use of special types of equipment and classroom modifications. Teachers may also have students with medical problems in the class, and some teachers are concerned because they lack medical training to handle emergencies if needed. Special education teachers are concerned about the number of students with special needs being assigned to them (Trump 1). Special education teachers are being assigned more students than they can handle and are having problems getting around to all of them (Trump 1).
In many schools today children with special needs are being integrated into regular classrooms by two common forms of inclusion full inclusion or mainstreaming. Full inclusion is the placement of children with special needs into a regular classroom setting full-time or all day (Shultz). Any services the child receives are brought to them in the regular classroom (Shultz). According to Adria Robertson, a sixth-grade teacher at Elysian Fields Middle School,
“Many children cannot handle full inclusion. After a while they begin to get very restless, and
you can tell they have had enough of schoolwork, especially those kids with behavior problems
or attention deficit disorder.” These students have short attention spans and being confined in a
regular classroom for all day is too much for them, and as a result they may begin acting up and disrupting the class. In addition, full inclusion may not be appropriate for students with severe
physical and medical conditions because they may need to rest at times during the day.
Knightshead
Mainstreaming is the most common form of inclusion being implemented in schools. Mainstreaming refers to the placement of children in one or more regular classrooms for part of the day (Shultz). The students have to earn the opportunity to be placed in a regular class by showing they can keep up with the work assigned by the regular education teacher (Shultz). According to Adria Robertson, mainstreaming works because students have to earn the
opportunity for placement into a regular class, and mainstreaming gives them the incentive to work hard in order to remain in the class where they want to be. Even though inclusion has been successful in many cases, some teachers and parents remain skeptical.
Inclusion or mainstreaming has some positive aspects. According to Catherine Voelker Morsink, regular education students are given the opportunity to be in close contact with those students that have special needs or physical disabilities, and this helps them get past their fears and misconceptions about disabled people (18). Regular education students also can learn about the problems their peers with special needs have, and knowledge about the problems of their peers can help regular education students be more patient and understanding with them. The child with special needs also benefits from inclusion. Inclusion helps to build up self-esteem and
give students with special needs a sense of belonging (Deloney and Tomkins). It also takes away the stigma of labeling (Deloney and Tomkins). While there are many positive aspects, there are
some negative aspects of inclusion. Inclusion is not appropriate for all students. Some students cannot handle being part of a large class. They may feel more comfortable in a smaller class and need more one-on-one attention from the teacher. Adequate resources may not always be available in the regular classroom for those students with special needs. According to Morsink, if students with special needs, including those with physical disabilities, are not given appropriate materials and assistance, they are still segregated from their peers even though they are in the
Knightshead 4
regular classroom with them (1). Another negative aspect of inclusion is insufficient planning time. Both special and regular education teachers complain about not having enough planning
time (Trump 1). They feel they would need more time to plan alone and with co-teachers in order to make the needed modifications for those children with special needs (Trump 14). An increase in planning time is needed for each special education student that is added to the classroom (Trump 14).
In order to help teaching students with special needs in the regular classroom to be done effectively and successfully, different strategies such as peer tutoring, collaborative planning, and classroom management can be used within the classroom. Peer tutoring involves students being placed in small groups and teaching one another under the supervision of the teacher (D’Zamko and Hedges ).In a group setting students with special needs can be help by regular education students without experiencing embarrassment and both the tutor and tutee benefit (D’Zamko and Hedges ). According to Robertson, “Peer tutoring really works because it
makes students feel good when they can help one another, and it gives them a sense of responsibility.”
A second strategy is collaborative planning. Both teachers need to work together to plan instructional modifications in order to meet the needs of all students in the classroom (Trump 1). A third strategy is classroom management which is essential for an inclusive classroom setting and can prevent discipline problems in the classroom (Morsink 15). According to Morsink, classroom rules should be clearly posted in order to remind students of behavioral expectations and consequences (16). Teachers need to be consistent with discipline, and the consequences should be the same for everyone, including those students with disabilities. For classrooms that include those students that do not read or speak more than one language, the rules should be illustrated with pictures (Morsink 16).
Knightshead 5
III. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, all children deserve the right to an equal education, and inclusive education gives students with special needs that opportunity. Inclusive education provides students with special needs contact with their peers, and teaches children how to work together and relate to others with different abilities (Tomko). The regular classroom may not be appropriate for all students with special needs, but for those that can placement in the regular
classroom can be very beneficial. Proper planning ahead, preparation, and supports for the child are essential for inclusion to work properly (Tomko). I feel that with inclusion there are still problems that need to be addressed, but with the cooperation of everyone involved inclusion can be successful and effective. (1,88).
Mind that the sample papers like Inclusive Education presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Sunday, February 17, 2013
hamlet
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like hamlet even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like hamlet in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Once upon a time, in Denmark a young prince found out that his father had been murdered. Not
only did young Hamlet find out that his father was murdered, but to his shocking dismay he found
out that the murderer was none other than Claudius. Claudius was very jealous of his brother,
and he wanted to be king, so when the king had fallen asleep he poured poison into his ear. When
the king died, Claudius married the king’s wife (Gertrude), and took over the throne. One night
three watchmen saw a ghost; the ghost was calling for Hamlet. When Hamlet arrived he found out
that the ghost was of his father’s sprit, and Hamlet was told the whole story about how Claudius
had plotted to kill the king and take over the throne. The ghost told Hamlet that he must avenge
his father’s death. Before Hamlet avenges his father’s death he test’s his uncles guilt by setting up
a play in a theater and if his uncle reacts he knows that he was the killer. Hamlet after goes to
confront his mother who is in her bed chamber, Hamlet hears a noise from behind the curtain and
stabs his sword threw. Hamlet thinks he has killed the king, but really only killed Polonius.
In the aftermath of Ophelia father’s death Ophelia drowns herself in a river. Laertes who is
Ophelia brother comes to Denmark in a rage. In a plot to kill Hamlet Claudius set’s up a fencing
fight between Hamlet and Laertes, Claudius had poisoned the tip of Laertes sword, and just in
case Laertes doesn’t get a hit on Hamlet he had also poisoned his cup. Hamlet hits Laertes but
doesn’t take a drink, instead Gertrude drinks and dies because of the poison. Laertes cut’s him
self with his own sword and dies but before he dies he tell Hamlet that Claudius is responsible for
everything so hamlet stabs Claudius and makes him drink the poison. Soon after Claudius dies
Hamlet dies Fortinbras becomes king of Denmark.
Mind that the sample papers like hamlet presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Once upon a time, in Denmark a young prince found out that his father had been murdered. Not
only did young Hamlet find out that his father was murdered, but to his shocking dismay he found
out that the murderer was none other than Claudius. Claudius was very jealous of his brother,
and he wanted to be king, so when the king had fallen asleep he poured poison into his ear. When
the king died, Claudius married the king’s wife (Gertrude), and took over the throne. One night
three watchmen saw a ghost; the ghost was calling for Hamlet. When Hamlet arrived he found out
that the ghost was of his father’s sprit, and Hamlet was told the whole story about how Claudius
had plotted to kill the king and take over the throne. The ghost told Hamlet that he must avenge
his father’s death. Before Hamlet avenges his father’s death he test’s his uncles guilt by setting up
a play in a theater and if his uncle reacts he knows that he was the killer. Hamlet after goes to
confront his mother who is in her bed chamber, Hamlet hears a noise from behind the curtain and
stabs his sword threw. Hamlet thinks he has killed the king, but really only killed Polonius.
In the aftermath of Ophelia father’s death Ophelia drowns herself in a river. Laertes who is
Ophelia brother comes to Denmark in a rage. In a plot to kill Hamlet Claudius set’s up a fencing
fight between Hamlet and Laertes, Claudius had poisoned the tip of Laertes sword, and just in
case Laertes doesn’t get a hit on Hamlet he had also poisoned his cup. Hamlet hits Laertes but
doesn’t take a drink, instead Gertrude drinks and dies because of the poison. Laertes cut’s him
self with his own sword and dies but before he dies he tell Hamlet that Claudius is responsible for
everything so hamlet stabs Claudius and makes him drink the poison. Soon after Claudius dies
Hamlet dies Fortinbras becomes king of Denmark.
Mind that the sample papers like hamlet presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, January 24, 2013
compare politics in germany and france
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like compare politics in germany and france even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like compare politics in germany and france in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Workbook Questions
I have chosen to compare politics in Germany and France.
1. a) What are the significant parties and what have been their respective strengths?
The significant parties on the right of the political spectrum in Germany are the CDU/CSU and the FDP. The CDU and CSU, the latter a regional party in Bavaria only, usually gain between 5% and 45% of the votes. The Liberals however only 5% to 8%.
In France, the major party on the right is the UMP, created before the latest presidential election in April 00 to promote the candidacy of Jacques Chirac. This very large party organization is a merger of three parties the Gaullist Party, the UDF, and the Liberal Party. The UMP secures between 40% to 55% of the votes. The other party on the right in France is the Front National, the extreme right party, which fetches up to 0% of the votes.
On the other side of the political spectrum in Germany, the most significant parties are the SPD, the Greens and the former communist party, the PDS. At present, the social democrats and the Greens are coalition partners at national level. The SPD gain 5 % to 45 % of the votes, the Greens 5 to 10% and the PDS around 5%.
In France, the Socialist Party (PS) and the PCF are the most important leftist parties with a share of votes ranging from 0 to 45% for the PS and 10 to 15 % for the PCF.
b) Give a profile of each party- what is its ideology, what groups does it represent and in which regions does its support lie?
In Germany, the CDU and the CSU are ambiguous on a mixed economy. They think the power of the trade unions should be clearly limited; however the welfare system is to be preserved as much as possible. Also, the traditional values such as the family, Christianity and order are to be protected and promoted. These two parties represent the middle class, older citizens and business people. The CDU is supported by a vast majority of the Bavarian population.
The FDP supports a relative deregulation of the economy. This means that the borders of the country should be more opened to immigration and foreign goods. Also, regulations affecting business should be simplified and the power of the trade unions somewhat curbed. Furthermore, the Liberals think that taxes should be reduced. Generally speaking they promote a reduction of the role of the State in economic life, a model closer to the liberalism as we know it today in the UK. Senior public servants are the ones who are most attracted by the FDP ideology, especially in the region of Baden Wurttemberg.
In the SPD’s view, the welfare system is to be protected at all cost, the power of big businesses should be kept within strict limits and the trade unions should play an important role in economic life. This party represents working class people and state employees especially within the traditional industrial regions such as the Ruhr and former Eastern Germany.
The main ideology of the Greens is the protection of the environment but also and recently the promotion of economic liberalism, the modernization of the economic system. The Greens are supported in big cities such as Berlin, Bremen, Cologne, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, by students, young executives and intellectuals.
Finally, the PDS is predictably in favour of high public spending. The party also encourages State intervention in the ownership of companies, in wide ranging regulations and in the redistribution of wealth. The Welfare State in its widest definition should be promoted. Supporters of the PDS include working class people mostly in East Germany and intellectuals.
In France, the UMP is a merger of the Gaullist Party, the UDF and the Liberal Party. The Gaullist Party is of a conservative and nationalist leaning. This party thinks the State should play an important role in economic life and that Europe should be a federation of sovereign states rather than a single entity. Its support is widespread across the whole country i.e. in urban as well as rural areas and across the various social classes.
The UDF is a conservative party, more pro European and keener on free trade than the Gaullists. Its roots tend to be in the country side especially in the western part of France. The UDF is predominantly supported by the middle class.
Finally, the Liberals are in favour of deregulation of the economy. Their supporters tend to be business owners and senior executives in big cities.
The extreme Right’s ideology consists in anti immigration / xenophobia, the closing of borders to foreign competition, the promotion of small businesses rather than big groups, the regulation of the economy and above all an increase in security. Support for the Front National is usually at its strongest in regions with a high proportion of immigrants, such as Provence, the Cote d’Azur, Alsace and northern France. Ex communist party voters form a large part of its voters.
To the left of the political system, the Socialists strongly encourage a very large role by the state in economic life; subsidies, high taxes, redistribution of wealth. The socialist party has strong links with the trade unions. They feel big businesses should be tightly controlled. Mainly working class and middle class citizens in big cities, especially in the South-western part of France, vote for the socialists.
Finally, the PCF is against Europe, against NATO, against the United States, against globalization and economic liberalism. The party exerts a strong influence over one of the largest trade unions, the Confederation Generale du Travail (CGT). Big business and capitalists are the enemy. Large companies and most of the financial system should be owned by the State. Support is drawn mostly from working class people, civil servants, immigrants and those who work in State owned companies. The PCF is at its strongest in big cities and their outskirts and regions where traditional industries are suffering and in those with a high proportion of immigrants.
c) Which parties have combined in coalition to form a government and what coalitions seem possible in the immediate future?
At the moment, in Germany, the SPD and the Greens are forming a coalition at national level with Gerhard Schroeder as Chancellor. Before that, it was the CDU/CSU and the FDP with Helmut Kohl as Chancellor. Given the current economic problems of Germany one could reasonably expect the current coalition to disappear with the Greens breaking away. The Green Party is keen on economic reform which the SPD does not agree on. A new coalition SPD and PDS could be conceivable or even SPD with CDU/CSU.
In France, the UMP is the dominant political party. However it is the result of a merger between, principally, the Gaullists and the UDF. Although a small fraction of the UDF is keen to preserve a separate identity within the coalition, there is no reasonable prospect of a break up at this stage because the two parties are united by a relatively strong ideology and community of interest.
d) What cleavages have traditionally underlain the party systems? Are they still important?
There has always been a cleavage between the Left and the Right in the political system. Indeed, traditionally, their ideologies diverge. For example, in the classic sense, the Left says we should all break with the past. However the Right explains that history is a guide for the future, that traditions are to be respected and that existing structures should be cared for. They believe in continuity, in evolution, unlike the Left which believes that revolution is necessary to be able to progress and therefore wants discontinuity. Furthermore, while the traditional Left strongly believes in equality among citizens, in redistribution of wealth thanks to taxes and regulations, the Right believes in private property and legitimacy of wealth accumulation.
The Right recommends that the State should intervene as little as possible in economic life whereas the traditional Left thinks the State should own companies for the purpose of better protecting the population from the pressure of market forces.
In respect of law and order, the Left will tend to tolerate more freedom for the individual than the Right which will tend to be stricter on enforcement.
The Left and Right’s ideas on family values are also totally different. The former thinks they can easily be challenged by divorce or contraception, while the latter thinks they should be strongly respected. The Right will tend to relate easily to a model whereby the authority within the family rests with the father first. The Left will recognize readily that the classic family structure may not work best in all circumstances.
The Right will tend to promote religion or the role of the Church more aggressively than the Left for which atheism does not represent a specific problem.
These differences between the Right and the Left are less important than before. Indeed, it is now very difficult to identify the Left with the lower class and the Right with the rich. Even if people do not enjoy the same degree of wealth, they have more and more access to similar opportunities in terms of schooling, health, right to vote, housing. Moreover, goods are nowadays more and more affordable to a larger section of the population (at least in the developed world).
The fall of communism has blurred the traditional distinction between Left and Right. People have come to realise that the interests of the working class are not in contradiction with those of the upper class. Ownership of companies is much more spread out than before. State ownership is not a guarantee of fairness and does not protect companies and their workers from competition and mismanagement.
.a) What far right parties are there and how have they affected the party system?
There are three main far right parties in Germany, Die Deutsche Volksunion (German people’s party), Die Republikaner (republicans) and Die Nationaldemocratische Partei Deutschlands (National Democratic Party of Germany). These parties rarely get above 5% in the polls. They have no substantial influence in political life. No mainstream party will want to associate itself with movements whose values are reminiscent of those of the National Socialist party of some 70 years ago.
Supporters are lower class and senior citizens in big cities where immigration is strong. But although representation in Parliament is only very marginal German authorities have reported a 10% increase in right-wing violence in the country.
In France however, the Front National led by Jean Marie Le Pen made it to the second round in the 00 elections when it fetched 18% of the votes but was duly defeated by Chirac. The FN benefited from the many leftist candidates for the elections, which led to the splitting of the socialist votes. On this occasion the FN played a role in French politics which was larger than its relatively modest share of the popular vote.
In regional elections where the UMP does not have a natural majority, it needs the votes of the Front National supporters to win. However the democratic Right cannot publicly enter into an alliance with the FN for fear of antagonizing its natural voters. Therefore many unspoken agreements and compromises are entered into at regional level between the local leaders of the mainstream right wing parties and those of the FN.
b) What have been the reasons for the growth of these parties?
The far right parties have gained influence especially in Europe because of the opening of borders within the European Union and with the rest of the world. Many European countries have eased immigration procedures. Economic security and violence have become strong concerns mainly for senior citizens and those who have a precarious employment. The fear of crime is currently reinforced following recent terrorist attacks. Law and order parties are little by little gaining influence. Their message of low tolerance for crime, especially when committed by immigrants, is a vote catcher with a growing section of the population.
c) What green parties are there and what has been their impact?
Die Grünen of Germany are members of the current coalition with the SDP. It is said to be the most influential green party in Europe. At national elections they obtained 6.7% of the votes in 18. Their aim is to push the liberalisation of the economy as well as their initial objective which is the protection of the environment. They believe this goal can only be achieved if society changes both its values and the way it conducts business.
In France, the Greens (les Verts) led by Dominique Voynet, tend to be left wing with ideas that are not totally dissimilar to those of the socialist party, although the emphasis on the environment is stronger. The Greens in France obtained 10% of the votes at the 18 elections which was a great surprise because in 14 they only managed to score a total of % of the votes. In the Paris area alone, the Greens scored almost 0%. The increases of votes have prompted them to fight for greater influence in future local elections.
At the moment, the nuclear energy issue is at the centre of their policy concerns.
Compared to Germany, the role of the Greens in French politics is small. This is due to the fact that France is a lower density country and therefore environmental problems are less acute. Also it is possible that German romanticism is more conducive to the protection of nature.
d) What have been the reasons for the growth of green parties and is their growth likely to continue?
The population increase is one of the reasons for the growth of green parties in parliaments nowadays. Indeed, the continuous growth of the car industry leads to very visible forms of pollution. Industrial food processing, biotechnology (genetically modified crops and cloning for example) make most people extremely insecure as to the real benefits of scientific progress. Also, nuclear accidents and accidents involving petrol tankers and chemical plants are also a reason for insecurity. To the extent that the green parties question the merits of the ever growing intrusion of science in everyday life and how science should be controlled, they respond to the anxiety of an ever larger constituency.
. a) Can Parliaments change the Government’s legislative proposals? Can they control Government spending and tax raising? What means do they have to scrutinise and influence Government policy?
In France as in Germany it is indeed a prerogative of the legislative power to change government policies. In both countries the budget is submitted to the approval of Parliament. The final budget may therefore be the result of a series of compromises between the executive and legislative powers. Votes of no confidence or the threat thereof can be used in Germany and France to force the government to amend its proposals in the direction preferred by Parliament. It should be noted that, since neither the German or the French President can be challenged by Parliament, the greater power of the French President compared with his German counterpart does provide the French executive power with more stability.
In practice, in both countries, a government enjoying a majority in Parliament is unlikely to be challenged by it. This is especially the case in Germany where the Bundestag specifically approves the nomination of the Chancellor by the President. In France, although the Parliament is not asked to ratify the choice of Prime Minister, the President must appoint as Prime Minister a member of the parliamentary majority. A strong community of views is therefore likely to exist between the respective cabinets and parliaments.
b) What is the power of the Prime Minister in relationship to the Head of State? Other Ministers? The Cabinet? Parliament? Regional Government?
The federal government consists of the Chancellor and his or her cabinet ministers. The Basic Law invests the Chancellor with central executive authority. For that reason, some people refer to the German political system as a “Chancellor democracy”. The Chancellor’s authority emanates from the provisions of the Basic Law and from his or her status as leader of the party or coalition of parties holding a majority of seats in the Bundestag. Every four years, after national elections and the seating of the newly elected Bundestag members, the federal president nominates a chancellor candidate the chancellor is then elected by majority vote in the Bundestag. He is the most powerful individual in German politics. Article 65 of the Basic Law states “ the Chancellor determines the guidelines of policy to which the government complies”
The German President has a limited procedural role, he appoints and dismisses cabinet ministers and can dissolve the Bundestag but it is always on advice from the chancellor.
Article 65 of the Basic Law sets forth three principles that define how the executive branch functions. First, the “chancellor principle” makes the chancellor responsible for all government policies. Any formal policy guidelines issued by the chancellor are legally binding directives that cabinet ministers must implement. Cabinet ministers are expected to introduce specific policies at the ministerial level that reflect the chancellor’s broader guidelines. Second the “principle of ministerial autonomy” entrusts each minister with the freedom to supervise departmental operations and prepare legislative proposals without cabinet interference so long as the minister’s policies are kept within the chancellor’s guidelines. Third, the “cabinet principle” calls for disagreements between federal ministers over jurisdictional or budgetary matters to be settled by the cabinet.
The chancellor determines the composition of the cabinet. According to the Basic Law, the chancellor may set the number of cabinet ministers and dictate their specific duties.
The German chancellor is stable; he is elected by the Bundestag and derives authority from the level of parliamentary support given in this vote. Unlike most parliamentary legislatures, the Bundestag cannot remove the chancellor simply with a vote of no-confidence. The Basic Law allows only for a “constructive vote of no confidence”. That is, the Bundestag can remove a chancellor only when it simultaneously agrees on a successor.
The chancellor can append a simple no-confidence provision to any government legislative proposal. If the Bundestag rejects the proposal, the chancellor may request that the president dissolve the Parliament and call new elections. Although not often used, it can pressurise the Bundestag to vote in favour of legislation.
The German Chancellor is usually the leader of his own party. This increases stability and power. He is therefore able to sustain this power because of this stability.
Germany, being a federal state, entrusts regional governments and parliaments with wide ranging powers to determine policies valid at the “Land” level. There is real delegation of authority on the part of the federal government. Each “Land” thus can adopt laws which are specific to it. By definition, the powers vested in local politicians limit those of the federal government, hence those of the Chancellor.
In France, the President is the main person in the Executive Branch of the government. He also has particular responsibility for Defence and Foreign Policy. He is the one who nominates the Prime Minister; this is the same in Germany. However, the French President may also dismiss the Prime Minister and the rest of the government. In Germany, the Chancellor can only be dismissed by a “constructive vote of no confidence” by the Parliament.
Unlike Germany where the Chancellor often directs the guidelines of the President, in France, the Prime minister must always be answerable to him. He is the one who gives directions and who does the strategic thinking. According to the Constitution of 158, the Prime Minister “shall direct the operation of the government” and the government “shall determine and direct the policy of the Nation”. Essentially, the Prime Minister and the cabinet operate to provide the direction or resources necessary to implement the policies conceived by the President. One of the many functions of the Prime Minister is the harnessing of a parliamentary majority for presidential policies since a majority in parliament may censure or reject a governmental program, forcing the resignation of the government. The Prime Minister can appoint and dismiss cabinet ministers, so can the German Chancellor.
France is a state governed from the centre. Regions play a much lesser role than in Federal Germany. No regional parliaments exist although the “conseils regionaux” whose members are representatives of people elected at local level have a consultative role. The central government is represented in each French “departement” by a “Prefet” appointed by Paris without any interference by the legislative power. The Prime Minister is thus able to play (indirectly through his ministers) a major role in provincial matters.
Bibliography
www.news.nationalgeographic.com/news/000/0/04_europe.html
www.greenparties.hpg.ig.com.br/introduction.html
www.tms.physics.lsa.umich.edu/14/other/news/france-greens-nuc.html
www.archives.premier-ministre.gouv.fr/jospin_version/GB/PM/PRESPM.htm
www.lib.byv,edu/rdh?eurodas/germ/ggery.html
Mind that the sample papers like compare politics in germany and france presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Workbook Questions
I have chosen to compare politics in Germany and France.
1. a) What are the significant parties and what have been their respective strengths?
The significant parties on the right of the political spectrum in Germany are the CDU/CSU and the FDP. The CDU and CSU, the latter a regional party in Bavaria only, usually gain between 5% and 45% of the votes. The Liberals however only 5% to 8%.
In France, the major party on the right is the UMP, created before the latest presidential election in April 00 to promote the candidacy of Jacques Chirac. This very large party organization is a merger of three parties the Gaullist Party, the UDF, and the Liberal Party. The UMP secures between 40% to 55% of the votes. The other party on the right in France is the Front National, the extreme right party, which fetches up to 0% of the votes.
On the other side of the political spectrum in Germany, the most significant parties are the SPD, the Greens and the former communist party, the PDS. At present, the social democrats and the Greens are coalition partners at national level. The SPD gain 5 % to 45 % of the votes, the Greens 5 to 10% and the PDS around 5%.
In France, the Socialist Party (PS) and the PCF are the most important leftist parties with a share of votes ranging from 0 to 45% for the PS and 10 to 15 % for the PCF.
b) Give a profile of each party- what is its ideology, what groups does it represent and in which regions does its support lie?
In Germany, the CDU and the CSU are ambiguous on a mixed economy. They think the power of the trade unions should be clearly limited; however the welfare system is to be preserved as much as possible. Also, the traditional values such as the family, Christianity and order are to be protected and promoted. These two parties represent the middle class, older citizens and business people. The CDU is supported by a vast majority of the Bavarian population.
The FDP supports a relative deregulation of the economy. This means that the borders of the country should be more opened to immigration and foreign goods. Also, regulations affecting business should be simplified and the power of the trade unions somewhat curbed. Furthermore, the Liberals think that taxes should be reduced. Generally speaking they promote a reduction of the role of the State in economic life, a model closer to the liberalism as we know it today in the UK. Senior public servants are the ones who are most attracted by the FDP ideology, especially in the region of Baden Wurttemberg.
In the SPD’s view, the welfare system is to be protected at all cost, the power of big businesses should be kept within strict limits and the trade unions should play an important role in economic life. This party represents working class people and state employees especially within the traditional industrial regions such as the Ruhr and former Eastern Germany.
The main ideology of the Greens is the protection of the environment but also and recently the promotion of economic liberalism, the modernization of the economic system. The Greens are supported in big cities such as Berlin, Bremen, Cologne, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, by students, young executives and intellectuals.
Finally, the PDS is predictably in favour of high public spending. The party also encourages State intervention in the ownership of companies, in wide ranging regulations and in the redistribution of wealth. The Welfare State in its widest definition should be promoted. Supporters of the PDS include working class people mostly in East Germany and intellectuals.
In France, the UMP is a merger of the Gaullist Party, the UDF and the Liberal Party. The Gaullist Party is of a conservative and nationalist leaning. This party thinks the State should play an important role in economic life and that Europe should be a federation of sovereign states rather than a single entity. Its support is widespread across the whole country i.e. in urban as well as rural areas and across the various social classes.
The UDF is a conservative party, more pro European and keener on free trade than the Gaullists. Its roots tend to be in the country side especially in the western part of France. The UDF is predominantly supported by the middle class.
Finally, the Liberals are in favour of deregulation of the economy. Their supporters tend to be business owners and senior executives in big cities.
The extreme Right’s ideology consists in anti immigration / xenophobia, the closing of borders to foreign competition, the promotion of small businesses rather than big groups, the regulation of the economy and above all an increase in security. Support for the Front National is usually at its strongest in regions with a high proportion of immigrants, such as Provence, the Cote d’Azur, Alsace and northern France. Ex communist party voters form a large part of its voters.
To the left of the political system, the Socialists strongly encourage a very large role by the state in economic life; subsidies, high taxes, redistribution of wealth. The socialist party has strong links with the trade unions. They feel big businesses should be tightly controlled. Mainly working class and middle class citizens in big cities, especially in the South-western part of France, vote for the socialists.
Finally, the PCF is against Europe, against NATO, against the United States, against globalization and economic liberalism. The party exerts a strong influence over one of the largest trade unions, the Confederation Generale du Travail (CGT). Big business and capitalists are the enemy. Large companies and most of the financial system should be owned by the State. Support is drawn mostly from working class people, civil servants, immigrants and those who work in State owned companies. The PCF is at its strongest in big cities and their outskirts and regions where traditional industries are suffering and in those with a high proportion of immigrants.
c) Which parties have combined in coalition to form a government and what coalitions seem possible in the immediate future?
At the moment, in Germany, the SPD and the Greens are forming a coalition at national level with Gerhard Schroeder as Chancellor. Before that, it was the CDU/CSU and the FDP with Helmut Kohl as Chancellor. Given the current economic problems of Germany one could reasonably expect the current coalition to disappear with the Greens breaking away. The Green Party is keen on economic reform which the SPD does not agree on. A new coalition SPD and PDS could be conceivable or even SPD with CDU/CSU.
In France, the UMP is the dominant political party. However it is the result of a merger between, principally, the Gaullists and the UDF. Although a small fraction of the UDF is keen to preserve a separate identity within the coalition, there is no reasonable prospect of a break up at this stage because the two parties are united by a relatively strong ideology and community of interest.
d) What cleavages have traditionally underlain the party systems? Are they still important?
There has always been a cleavage between the Left and the Right in the political system. Indeed, traditionally, their ideologies diverge. For example, in the classic sense, the Left says we should all break with the past. However the Right explains that history is a guide for the future, that traditions are to be respected and that existing structures should be cared for. They believe in continuity, in evolution, unlike the Left which believes that revolution is necessary to be able to progress and therefore wants discontinuity. Furthermore, while the traditional Left strongly believes in equality among citizens, in redistribution of wealth thanks to taxes and regulations, the Right believes in private property and legitimacy of wealth accumulation.
The Right recommends that the State should intervene as little as possible in economic life whereas the traditional Left thinks the State should own companies for the purpose of better protecting the population from the pressure of market forces.
In respect of law and order, the Left will tend to tolerate more freedom for the individual than the Right which will tend to be stricter on enforcement.
The Left and Right’s ideas on family values are also totally different. The former thinks they can easily be challenged by divorce or contraception, while the latter thinks they should be strongly respected. The Right will tend to relate easily to a model whereby the authority within the family rests with the father first. The Left will recognize readily that the classic family structure may not work best in all circumstances.
The Right will tend to promote religion or the role of the Church more aggressively than the Left for which atheism does not represent a specific problem.
These differences between the Right and the Left are less important than before. Indeed, it is now very difficult to identify the Left with the lower class and the Right with the rich. Even if people do not enjoy the same degree of wealth, they have more and more access to similar opportunities in terms of schooling, health, right to vote, housing. Moreover, goods are nowadays more and more affordable to a larger section of the population (at least in the developed world).
The fall of communism has blurred the traditional distinction between Left and Right. People have come to realise that the interests of the working class are not in contradiction with those of the upper class. Ownership of companies is much more spread out than before. State ownership is not a guarantee of fairness and does not protect companies and their workers from competition and mismanagement.
.a) What far right parties are there and how have they affected the party system?
There are three main far right parties in Germany, Die Deutsche Volksunion (German people’s party), Die Republikaner (republicans) and Die Nationaldemocratische Partei Deutschlands (National Democratic Party of Germany). These parties rarely get above 5% in the polls. They have no substantial influence in political life. No mainstream party will want to associate itself with movements whose values are reminiscent of those of the National Socialist party of some 70 years ago.
Supporters are lower class and senior citizens in big cities where immigration is strong. But although representation in Parliament is only very marginal German authorities have reported a 10% increase in right-wing violence in the country.
In France however, the Front National led by Jean Marie Le Pen made it to the second round in the 00 elections when it fetched 18% of the votes but was duly defeated by Chirac. The FN benefited from the many leftist candidates for the elections, which led to the splitting of the socialist votes. On this occasion the FN played a role in French politics which was larger than its relatively modest share of the popular vote.
In regional elections where the UMP does not have a natural majority, it needs the votes of the Front National supporters to win. However the democratic Right cannot publicly enter into an alliance with the FN for fear of antagonizing its natural voters. Therefore many unspoken agreements and compromises are entered into at regional level between the local leaders of the mainstream right wing parties and those of the FN.
b) What have been the reasons for the growth of these parties?
The far right parties have gained influence especially in Europe because of the opening of borders within the European Union and with the rest of the world. Many European countries have eased immigration procedures. Economic security and violence have become strong concerns mainly for senior citizens and those who have a precarious employment. The fear of crime is currently reinforced following recent terrorist attacks. Law and order parties are little by little gaining influence. Their message of low tolerance for crime, especially when committed by immigrants, is a vote catcher with a growing section of the population.
c) What green parties are there and what has been their impact?
Die Grünen of Germany are members of the current coalition with the SDP. It is said to be the most influential green party in Europe. At national elections they obtained 6.7% of the votes in 18. Their aim is to push the liberalisation of the economy as well as their initial objective which is the protection of the environment. They believe this goal can only be achieved if society changes both its values and the way it conducts business.
In France, the Greens (les Verts) led by Dominique Voynet, tend to be left wing with ideas that are not totally dissimilar to those of the socialist party, although the emphasis on the environment is stronger. The Greens in France obtained 10% of the votes at the 18 elections which was a great surprise because in 14 they only managed to score a total of % of the votes. In the Paris area alone, the Greens scored almost 0%. The increases of votes have prompted them to fight for greater influence in future local elections.
At the moment, the nuclear energy issue is at the centre of their policy concerns.
Compared to Germany, the role of the Greens in French politics is small. This is due to the fact that France is a lower density country and therefore environmental problems are less acute. Also it is possible that German romanticism is more conducive to the protection of nature.
d) What have been the reasons for the growth of green parties and is their growth likely to continue?
The population increase is one of the reasons for the growth of green parties in parliaments nowadays. Indeed, the continuous growth of the car industry leads to very visible forms of pollution. Industrial food processing, biotechnology (genetically modified crops and cloning for example) make most people extremely insecure as to the real benefits of scientific progress. Also, nuclear accidents and accidents involving petrol tankers and chemical plants are also a reason for insecurity. To the extent that the green parties question the merits of the ever growing intrusion of science in everyday life and how science should be controlled, they respond to the anxiety of an ever larger constituency.
. a) Can Parliaments change the Government’s legislative proposals? Can they control Government spending and tax raising? What means do they have to scrutinise and influence Government policy?
In France as in Germany it is indeed a prerogative of the legislative power to change government policies. In both countries the budget is submitted to the approval of Parliament. The final budget may therefore be the result of a series of compromises between the executive and legislative powers. Votes of no confidence or the threat thereof can be used in Germany and France to force the government to amend its proposals in the direction preferred by Parliament. It should be noted that, since neither the German or the French President can be challenged by Parliament, the greater power of the French President compared with his German counterpart does provide the French executive power with more stability.
In practice, in both countries, a government enjoying a majority in Parliament is unlikely to be challenged by it. This is especially the case in Germany where the Bundestag specifically approves the nomination of the Chancellor by the President. In France, although the Parliament is not asked to ratify the choice of Prime Minister, the President must appoint as Prime Minister a member of the parliamentary majority. A strong community of views is therefore likely to exist between the respective cabinets and parliaments.
b) What is the power of the Prime Minister in relationship to the Head of State? Other Ministers? The Cabinet? Parliament? Regional Government?
The federal government consists of the Chancellor and his or her cabinet ministers. The Basic Law invests the Chancellor with central executive authority. For that reason, some people refer to the German political system as a “Chancellor democracy”. The Chancellor’s authority emanates from the provisions of the Basic Law and from his or her status as leader of the party or coalition of parties holding a majority of seats in the Bundestag. Every four years, after national elections and the seating of the newly elected Bundestag members, the federal president nominates a chancellor candidate the chancellor is then elected by majority vote in the Bundestag. He is the most powerful individual in German politics. Article 65 of the Basic Law states “ the Chancellor determines the guidelines of policy to which the government complies”
The German President has a limited procedural role, he appoints and dismisses cabinet ministers and can dissolve the Bundestag but it is always on advice from the chancellor.
Article 65 of the Basic Law sets forth three principles that define how the executive branch functions. First, the “chancellor principle” makes the chancellor responsible for all government policies. Any formal policy guidelines issued by the chancellor are legally binding directives that cabinet ministers must implement. Cabinet ministers are expected to introduce specific policies at the ministerial level that reflect the chancellor’s broader guidelines. Second the “principle of ministerial autonomy” entrusts each minister with the freedom to supervise departmental operations and prepare legislative proposals without cabinet interference so long as the minister’s policies are kept within the chancellor’s guidelines. Third, the “cabinet principle” calls for disagreements between federal ministers over jurisdictional or budgetary matters to be settled by the cabinet.
The chancellor determines the composition of the cabinet. According to the Basic Law, the chancellor may set the number of cabinet ministers and dictate their specific duties.
The German chancellor is stable; he is elected by the Bundestag and derives authority from the level of parliamentary support given in this vote. Unlike most parliamentary legislatures, the Bundestag cannot remove the chancellor simply with a vote of no-confidence. The Basic Law allows only for a “constructive vote of no confidence”. That is, the Bundestag can remove a chancellor only when it simultaneously agrees on a successor.
The chancellor can append a simple no-confidence provision to any government legislative proposal. If the Bundestag rejects the proposal, the chancellor may request that the president dissolve the Parliament and call new elections. Although not often used, it can pressurise the Bundestag to vote in favour of legislation.
The German Chancellor is usually the leader of his own party. This increases stability and power. He is therefore able to sustain this power because of this stability.
Germany, being a federal state, entrusts regional governments and parliaments with wide ranging powers to determine policies valid at the “Land” level. There is real delegation of authority on the part of the federal government. Each “Land” thus can adopt laws which are specific to it. By definition, the powers vested in local politicians limit those of the federal government, hence those of the Chancellor.
In France, the President is the main person in the Executive Branch of the government. He also has particular responsibility for Defence and Foreign Policy. He is the one who nominates the Prime Minister; this is the same in Germany. However, the French President may also dismiss the Prime Minister and the rest of the government. In Germany, the Chancellor can only be dismissed by a “constructive vote of no confidence” by the Parliament.
Unlike Germany where the Chancellor often directs the guidelines of the President, in France, the Prime minister must always be answerable to him. He is the one who gives directions and who does the strategic thinking. According to the Constitution of 158, the Prime Minister “shall direct the operation of the government” and the government “shall determine and direct the policy of the Nation”. Essentially, the Prime Minister and the cabinet operate to provide the direction or resources necessary to implement the policies conceived by the President. One of the many functions of the Prime Minister is the harnessing of a parliamentary majority for presidential policies since a majority in parliament may censure or reject a governmental program, forcing the resignation of the government. The Prime Minister can appoint and dismiss cabinet ministers, so can the German Chancellor.
France is a state governed from the centre. Regions play a much lesser role than in Federal Germany. No regional parliaments exist although the “conseils regionaux” whose members are representatives of people elected at local level have a consultative role. The central government is represented in each French “departement” by a “Prefet” appointed by Paris without any interference by the legislative power. The Prime Minister is thus able to play (indirectly through his ministers) a major role in provincial matters.
Bibliography
www.news.nationalgeographic.com/news/000/0/04_europe.html
www.greenparties.hpg.ig.com.br/introduction.html
www.tms.physics.lsa.umich.edu/14/other/news/france-greens-nuc.html
www.archives.premier-ministre.gouv.fr/jospin_version/GB/PM/PRESPM.htm
www.lib.byv,edu/rdh?eurodas/germ/ggery.html
Mind that the sample papers like compare politics in germany and france presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday, January 23, 2013
THE MEET
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State Track Meet
“The most important thing is that he’s dedicated himself as far as his approach to track is concerned,’ Coach Hernandez said. “He’s worked a lot harder this year and really stayed focused throughout the later part of the season. His focus has been so good.” In 18, my junior year in high school, I made a pact with myself to make it to the Texas University Interscholastic League’s State Track and Field Championships. In my family, we came from a long line of track and field competitors. Though none of my them had ever accomplished the dream of making it to the big state meet, I knew if I was cooperative by keeping me dedicated and focused, their dream would become my reality.
The Texas 5A state track meet consists of eight of the fastest runners from the biggest schools per event, so this was apparently no walk in the park. I knew many sacrifices on my part would be made to fulfill my dream. Football was the first sacrifice I made, because I knew I had to keep my focus only on track. It was hard to let go of but it was taking up too much of my time and I needed that time to improve my running skills. Although football was good conditioning, it wasn’t the conditioning I needed to make it to the state meet. I practiced two times a day, two hours in the morning and four hours in the afternoon, for a whole year. I looked up workouts on the internet that the famous coach Clyde Hart from Baylor University developed for mid class sprinters, and used those workouts to my advantage. “He’s more positive with what he does. The track has changed his attitude. He works harder and he’s very serious about what he does,” Coach Ware stated. He would yell out times to me during workouts and if I didn’t hit those times, I would make myself go back and repeatedly do them again. I would push my self so far in practice that I would vomit an average of about four times a week. My coaches would tell me not to push it so hard in practice, but my determination to make it to the state meet excelled beyond their expectations. My daily schedule consisted of morning track practice, then school, followed by afternoon track practice and finally studying school subjects along with track tapes of other competitors. While every one of my classmates was sleeping late on weekend mornings, I was out on the track bright and early working my legs out from under me. I missed many major social gatherings like prom and football games because at night I would watch tapes of other opponents and study their techniques of running. I would write strategies on their weakest points of the race and where I could make a move against them. I gave up my unhealthy eating habits so I could be healthier and my diet consisted of many fruits and vegetables, lots and lots of water and many carbohydrates.
On May sixteenth 18, I made my way to the biggest track meet of my life. I lined my blocks up and took a couple of practice starts. Finally, the starter gives his three famous commands; on your marks…get set…and the gun goes off. The race started and all you could hear was roaring crowd of 60,000 fans on their feet. When the final stretch approached I was dead even with the top three runners in the state, so the race could go either way. Lane one and lane four crossed the finish line, leaving lane eight and I neck and neck for a photo finish. Then an official approaches me and tells me to make my way to the award booth because I placed third. I looked up to find 70 friends and family wearing t-shirts with my school colors on them, cheering and crying for my victory and that’s when I knew that all my dedication and focus had paid off.
Mind that the sample papers like THE MEET presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
State Track Meet
“The most important thing is that he’s dedicated himself as far as his approach to track is concerned,’ Coach Hernandez said. “He’s worked a lot harder this year and really stayed focused throughout the later part of the season. His focus has been so good.” In 18, my junior year in high school, I made a pact with myself to make it to the Texas University Interscholastic League’s State Track and Field Championships. In my family, we came from a long line of track and field competitors. Though none of my them had ever accomplished the dream of making it to the big state meet, I knew if I was cooperative by keeping me dedicated and focused, their dream would become my reality.
The Texas 5A state track meet consists of eight of the fastest runners from the biggest schools per event, so this was apparently no walk in the park. I knew many sacrifices on my part would be made to fulfill my dream. Football was the first sacrifice I made, because I knew I had to keep my focus only on track. It was hard to let go of but it was taking up too much of my time and I needed that time to improve my running skills. Although football was good conditioning, it wasn’t the conditioning I needed to make it to the state meet. I practiced two times a day, two hours in the morning and four hours in the afternoon, for a whole year. I looked up workouts on the internet that the famous coach Clyde Hart from Baylor University developed for mid class sprinters, and used those workouts to my advantage. “He’s more positive with what he does. The track has changed his attitude. He works harder and he’s very serious about what he does,” Coach Ware stated. He would yell out times to me during workouts and if I didn’t hit those times, I would make myself go back and repeatedly do them again. I would push my self so far in practice that I would vomit an average of about four times a week. My coaches would tell me not to push it so hard in practice, but my determination to make it to the state meet excelled beyond their expectations. My daily schedule consisted of morning track practice, then school, followed by afternoon track practice and finally studying school subjects along with track tapes of other competitors. While every one of my classmates was sleeping late on weekend mornings, I was out on the track bright and early working my legs out from under me. I missed many major social gatherings like prom and football games because at night I would watch tapes of other opponents and study their techniques of running. I would write strategies on their weakest points of the race and where I could make a move against them. I gave up my unhealthy eating habits so I could be healthier and my diet consisted of many fruits and vegetables, lots and lots of water and many carbohydrates.
On May sixteenth 18, I made my way to the biggest track meet of my life. I lined my blocks up and took a couple of practice starts. Finally, the starter gives his three famous commands; on your marks…get set…and the gun goes off. The race started and all you could hear was roaring crowd of 60,000 fans on their feet. When the final stretch approached I was dead even with the top three runners in the state, so the race could go either way. Lane one and lane four crossed the finish line, leaving lane eight and I neck and neck for a photo finish. Then an official approaches me and tells me to make my way to the award booth because I placed third. I looked up to find 70 friends and family wearing t-shirts with my school colors on them, cheering and crying for my victory and that’s when I knew that all my dedication and focus had paid off.
Mind that the sample papers like THE MEET presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The woman Behind The Yellow Wallpaper
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like The woman Behind The Yellow Wallpaper even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like The woman Behind The Yellow Wallpaper in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
The short story “The Yellow Wallpaper”, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, illustrates mental illness through a first-hand reliable source. The main theme in this story is insanity vs. loneliness as well as the theme of being trapped. These themes are shown through the main character as she battles with her own mind, life, and surroundings.
The theme of insanity is the main focus of the whole story. The story surrounds the main character who is a woman suffering from a mental illness. It is very evident to the reader that the main character is in fact sick when she states, “You see he does not believe I am sick!” (106) speaking about her husband who is a physician. So here she admits that she is sick when after a few weeks she states, “I’m glad my case is not serious!” (108) In this statement she is contradicting herself and this shows the reader the confusion she is facing.
The yellow wallpaper in the main characters bedroom is a major symbol in this story. This wallpaper plays a big role in the main characters insanity. The main characters infatuation with the paper inflames her problem and infects her mind and perception. This is evident when she confesses “It dwells in my mind so!” (111) The main characters disease gets worse the more time she spends around the wallpaper. Near the end if the story she says, “no person touches this paper but me,-not alive!” (118) Therefore the yellow wallpaper plays a very large part in the main characters insanity.
Loneliness also is a theme in this story although it is not as evident. The reader can tell that the main character does not only suffer from insanity but also from depression, perhaps because of her loneliness. She often finds herself crying and she says “I cry at nothing, and cry most of the time.”(111) She tries tot ell her husband how she is feeling but she is unable, she discovers “I was crying before I had finished.”(11) The reader can see how this woman is very upset and it is not only due to her illness. Although the main character makes many references and comments about her husband she does not find him very reassuring. He talks to her like a child, this is shown when he says “What is it little girl?” (11), and “Bless her little heart!” (11) This makes the main character feel insignificant and once again alone. She states, “I am alone a good deal just now.” (111)
The theme of being trapped intertwines with both of the previous themes. The main character feels extremely trapped. Although she never admits it, this theme is greatly implied throughout the story. The main character first of all feels trapped by her husband. This is obvious when she states “I am absolutely forbidden to ‘work’ until I am well again.”(106) Even more-so, the main character feels trapped by her sickness. As her sickness grows and she becomes more involved with the yellow wallpaper, she begins to see a woman behind the wallpaper, she states, “it becomes bars!…and the woman behind them is as plain as can be.”(114) This symbolizes the main character trapped behind her sickness and unable to escape. She is seeing herself in the wallpaper without even realizing it. She also makes a comment stating, “she is all the time trying to climb through, but nobody could climb through that pattern-it strangles so;”(116) This shows the main characters desperateness to be free but her husband, the wallpaper and her sickness wont let her.
The narrator in this story is first person. This is effective because it allows the reader to see into the mind of the main character and realize how truly sick she is. Of course this is only from her perspective, as the reader cannot see what the husband John, or nurse Jennie are thinking. Anyhow, since the themes of this story surround the main character the point of view is sufficient, and relevant.
The main literary device in this story is personification. The wallpaper seems to look at and talk to the main character from her perceptions. This is evident as the main character describes what she sees in the wallpaper here, “two bulbous eyes stare at you.”(10) Also as her sickness deepens she feels that the wallpaper “slaps (her) in the face.”(114)
The tone and mood in this story is very disturbing. As the story progresses so does the main characters sickness. The reader is sucked into the mind of this woman and therefore begins to realize her pain and insanity. This story almost gives the reader a sick feeling as they notice the incomprehensible things that the main character goes through and sees. The reader becomes wrapped in the readers twisted thoughts and almost becomes frightened. It is a dark and disturbing atmosphere.
The ending of this story is rather disturbing but yet uplifting at the same time. It is disturbing that the main character locks herself in her room and destroys the wallpaper that fascinated her for so long, and when John finally breaks in he faints and it is not totally clear why. It is uplifting though that at the end the main character feels that she is free from her sickness and free from all of the bad things she saw in the wallpaper. She finally comes to see that she was in fact the woman who she saw in the wallpaper. All throughout the story the word “creep” is used. Referring to the smell of the wallpaper and how “it creeps all over the house.”(115), also referring to the woman in the wallpaper. The main character states “It is the same woman, I know, for she is always creeping and most women do not creep by daylight.”(116) At the end of the story these statements all come together when the main character has ripped down all of the yellow wallpaper and her husband faints across the path she has made. She states “I had to creep over him every time!”(11) and “I kept on creeping just the same.”(11) This shows the reader that the main character saw herself trapped in the wallpaper and once she rips it down she states “ I’ve got out at last.”(11) The main character feels free and cured. This ending is very emotional for the reader. If provides feelings of sadness, and happiness.
This story is very effective in showing all of the different themes whether they are clearly stated or just implied. It combines many literary techniques that all intertwine together to make a very enjoyable story.
Mind that the sample papers like The woman Behind The Yellow Wallpaper presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The short story “The Yellow Wallpaper”, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, illustrates mental illness through a first-hand reliable source. The main theme in this story is insanity vs. loneliness as well as the theme of being trapped. These themes are shown through the main character as she battles with her own mind, life, and surroundings.
The theme of insanity is the main focus of the whole story. The story surrounds the main character who is a woman suffering from a mental illness. It is very evident to the reader that the main character is in fact sick when she states, “You see he does not believe I am sick!” (106) speaking about her husband who is a physician. So here she admits that she is sick when after a few weeks she states, “I’m glad my case is not serious!” (108) In this statement she is contradicting herself and this shows the reader the confusion she is facing.
The yellow wallpaper in the main characters bedroom is a major symbol in this story. This wallpaper plays a big role in the main characters insanity. The main characters infatuation with the paper inflames her problem and infects her mind and perception. This is evident when she confesses “It dwells in my mind so!” (111) The main characters disease gets worse the more time she spends around the wallpaper. Near the end if the story she says, “no person touches this paper but me,-not alive!” (118) Therefore the yellow wallpaper plays a very large part in the main characters insanity.
Loneliness also is a theme in this story although it is not as evident. The reader can tell that the main character does not only suffer from insanity but also from depression, perhaps because of her loneliness. She often finds herself crying and she says “I cry at nothing, and cry most of the time.”(111) She tries tot ell her husband how she is feeling but she is unable, she discovers “I was crying before I had finished.”(11) The reader can see how this woman is very upset and it is not only due to her illness. Although the main character makes many references and comments about her husband she does not find him very reassuring. He talks to her like a child, this is shown when he says “What is it little girl?” (11), and “Bless her little heart!” (11) This makes the main character feel insignificant and once again alone. She states, “I am alone a good deal just now.” (111)
The theme of being trapped intertwines with both of the previous themes. The main character feels extremely trapped. Although she never admits it, this theme is greatly implied throughout the story. The main character first of all feels trapped by her husband. This is obvious when she states “I am absolutely forbidden to ‘work’ until I am well again.”(106) Even more-so, the main character feels trapped by her sickness. As her sickness grows and she becomes more involved with the yellow wallpaper, she begins to see a woman behind the wallpaper, she states, “it becomes bars!…and the woman behind them is as plain as can be.”(114) This symbolizes the main character trapped behind her sickness and unable to escape. She is seeing herself in the wallpaper without even realizing it. She also makes a comment stating, “she is all the time trying to climb through, but nobody could climb through that pattern-it strangles so;”(116) This shows the main characters desperateness to be free but her husband, the wallpaper and her sickness wont let her.
The narrator in this story is first person. This is effective because it allows the reader to see into the mind of the main character and realize how truly sick she is. Of course this is only from her perspective, as the reader cannot see what the husband John, or nurse Jennie are thinking. Anyhow, since the themes of this story surround the main character the point of view is sufficient, and relevant.
The main literary device in this story is personification. The wallpaper seems to look at and talk to the main character from her perceptions. This is evident as the main character describes what she sees in the wallpaper here, “two bulbous eyes stare at you.”(10) Also as her sickness deepens she feels that the wallpaper “slaps (her) in the face.”(114)
The tone and mood in this story is very disturbing. As the story progresses so does the main characters sickness. The reader is sucked into the mind of this woman and therefore begins to realize her pain and insanity. This story almost gives the reader a sick feeling as they notice the incomprehensible things that the main character goes through and sees. The reader becomes wrapped in the readers twisted thoughts and almost becomes frightened. It is a dark and disturbing atmosphere.
The ending of this story is rather disturbing but yet uplifting at the same time. It is disturbing that the main character locks herself in her room and destroys the wallpaper that fascinated her for so long, and when John finally breaks in he faints and it is not totally clear why. It is uplifting though that at the end the main character feels that she is free from her sickness and free from all of the bad things she saw in the wallpaper. She finally comes to see that she was in fact the woman who she saw in the wallpaper. All throughout the story the word “creep” is used. Referring to the smell of the wallpaper and how “it creeps all over the house.”(115), also referring to the woman in the wallpaper. The main character states “It is the same woman, I know, for she is always creeping and most women do not creep by daylight.”(116) At the end of the story these statements all come together when the main character has ripped down all of the yellow wallpaper and her husband faints across the path she has made. She states “I had to creep over him every time!”(11) and “I kept on creeping just the same.”(11) This shows the reader that the main character saw herself trapped in the wallpaper and once she rips it down she states “ I’ve got out at last.”(11) The main character feels free and cured. This ending is very emotional for the reader. If provides feelings of sadness, and happiness.
This story is very effective in showing all of the different themes whether they are clearly stated or just implied. It combines many literary techniques that all intertwine together to make a very enjoyable story.
Mind that the sample papers like The woman Behind The Yellow Wallpaper presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday, January 22, 2013
boundary crosser
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like boundary crosser even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like boundary crosser in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Being a boundary crosser doesn’t have to include earth-shattering experiences around the world. I have never been out of the United States, but I have crossed many boundaries and learned lessons from it here in our country. Any time I have reached out of my comfort zone for the benefit of someone else, I believe that is crossing a boundary.
It is innate for me to cross boundaries evidenced in many ways when reviewing my activities and choices I have made in my high school years. Early in my development I made the change from being strictly an academic student to a student-athlete status. Athletics has exposed me to a diverse group of people, and in the team sports I play such as football and baseball everyone is forced to work together. More recently I crossed a boundary when I started volunteering in my community. I started a volunteer service at Myrtle Terrace, an income based housing facility for elderly ladies. There are thirty residents at Myrtle Terrace, and they all come from different regions and backgrounds. Also the elderly population comes from a different socioeconomic background than me. Not only have the residents benefited from my services, but I have also learned a great deal from speaking and working with them. The school systems today are very diverse, and some of the roles I have taken in my school have been boundary crossings. I was the class president my sophomore and freshman years and student body vice president my junior year. This year I am the senior class president. Working in leadership positions exposes you to many types of people, and a good leader works well with everyone. I must admit I take pride in the fact that I have a diverse group of friends. It is true that cliques do exist in our schools. However, I have friends from all groups of people from different ethnic, educational, and financial backgrounds. I have found my best friends are those that are unlike myself. One experience that requires youth to cross boundaries is going to a work camp. I have done this twice through my church youth group. One was in Wilmington, NC and the other was in Tullahoma, TN. Both times I was humbled as I was exposed to people less fortunate than me. When I was able to help them by repairing their homes I felt the greatest sense of accomplishment. Another example of crossing a boundary is my participation in tutoring. I have tutored five students in the past three years, and one in particular means a lot to me. I am currently helping a student who is Hispanic, and he is the only person in his family that knows English. I was selected from a group of peer tutors to help this special student. I say he is special because he has developed a brain tumor that is robbing him of his sight. Now he can only see very large objects. Of all the classes, the one I am helping him with is geometry where sight is vital in learning. I sit with him during his class and describe what the teacher is doing, and I have a dry-erase board that I draw large shapes on for him to see. I just got a viewer magnification machine for him to use, which helps him some. This is a challenge for both of us, as we haven’t dealt with the problem before. The student is an inspiration to me because he always has a positive attitude and works hard everyday despite his misfortune. I am very proud of his effort and it paid off when he got the grade back on his first quiz. It was a joy seeing the smile crack on his face when the teacher told him he scored a perfect 100.
In reflection I see a common trait emerging with every boundary I trespass, and that is the leadership qualities I posses. The willingness for me to leave my comfort zone and engage in the unfamiliar is a result of my attraction to leading. I would like to offer a quote that I feel surmises the qualities necessary to be a boundary crosser, and also describes the perception my family, peers, and community has of me.
Mind that the sample papers like boundary crosser presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Being a boundary crosser doesn’t have to include earth-shattering experiences around the world. I have never been out of the United States, but I have crossed many boundaries and learned lessons from it here in our country. Any time I have reached out of my comfort zone for the benefit of someone else, I believe that is crossing a boundary.
It is innate for me to cross boundaries evidenced in many ways when reviewing my activities and choices I have made in my high school years. Early in my development I made the change from being strictly an academic student to a student-athlete status. Athletics has exposed me to a diverse group of people, and in the team sports I play such as football and baseball everyone is forced to work together. More recently I crossed a boundary when I started volunteering in my community. I started a volunteer service at Myrtle Terrace, an income based housing facility for elderly ladies. There are thirty residents at Myrtle Terrace, and they all come from different regions and backgrounds. Also the elderly population comes from a different socioeconomic background than me. Not only have the residents benefited from my services, but I have also learned a great deal from speaking and working with them. The school systems today are very diverse, and some of the roles I have taken in my school have been boundary crossings. I was the class president my sophomore and freshman years and student body vice president my junior year. This year I am the senior class president. Working in leadership positions exposes you to many types of people, and a good leader works well with everyone. I must admit I take pride in the fact that I have a diverse group of friends. It is true that cliques do exist in our schools. However, I have friends from all groups of people from different ethnic, educational, and financial backgrounds. I have found my best friends are those that are unlike myself. One experience that requires youth to cross boundaries is going to a work camp. I have done this twice through my church youth group. One was in Wilmington, NC and the other was in Tullahoma, TN. Both times I was humbled as I was exposed to people less fortunate than me. When I was able to help them by repairing their homes I felt the greatest sense of accomplishment. Another example of crossing a boundary is my participation in tutoring. I have tutored five students in the past three years, and one in particular means a lot to me. I am currently helping a student who is Hispanic, and he is the only person in his family that knows English. I was selected from a group of peer tutors to help this special student. I say he is special because he has developed a brain tumor that is robbing him of his sight. Now he can only see very large objects. Of all the classes, the one I am helping him with is geometry where sight is vital in learning. I sit with him during his class and describe what the teacher is doing, and I have a dry-erase board that I draw large shapes on for him to see. I just got a viewer magnification machine for him to use, which helps him some. This is a challenge for both of us, as we haven’t dealt with the problem before. The student is an inspiration to me because he always has a positive attitude and works hard everyday despite his misfortune. I am very proud of his effort and it paid off when he got the grade back on his first quiz. It was a joy seeing the smile crack on his face when the teacher told him he scored a perfect 100.
In reflection I see a common trait emerging with every boundary I trespass, and that is the leadership qualities I posses. The willingness for me to leave my comfort zone and engage in the unfamiliar is a result of my attraction to leading. I would like to offer a quote that I feel surmises the qualities necessary to be a boundary crosser, and also describes the perception my family, peers, and community has of me.
Mind that the sample papers like boundary crosser presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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